TRANSLATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TEXT: GRAMMATICAL ASPECT

Abstract

The article deals with the peculiarities of the grammatical aspect in the context of scientific and technical translation. In particular, the use of passive constructions, syntactic constructions of varying complexity, and the use of two types of the most common grammatical transformations are presented on the example of scientific and technical texts in the field of civil engineering. A high level of information content characterizes the selected texts for translation analysis. The sample articles contain complex logical connections and are rich in construction terminology, which can be a challenge for the translator in conveying the accuracy and reliability of information, as well as in unambiguously understanding the material.

It is found that passive constructions are typical for English-language scientific texts, while Ukrainian is not characterized by excessive use of passive constructions; English-language scientific texts are characterized by short or simple subordinate syntactic units, while translation into Ukrainian is characterized by complex subordinate clauses. The difficulty of choosing the optimal grammatical equivalent is also revealed. When building grammatical structures in the process of translating foreign language texts, translators resort to transformations. The two most common types are presented in this paper: transposition and substitution. Transposition as a grammatical transformation is considered on the example of changing the word order, which is due to the difference between English and Ukrainian, first of all, the absence of a rigid word order in Ukrainian, as it is in English. The rearrangement as a grammatical transformation is considered on the example of changing the gender and case of a noun, its transition from singular to plural, as well as replacing a passive construction with an active one.               A qualitative analysis of the presented grammatical translation transformations in scientific and technical texts of the construction industry is carried out.