CONFIGURATION OF THE COMPOSITIONAL SCHEME: "TRAJECTOR - LANDMARK" IN THE COMMUNICATIVE ORGANIZATION OF THE SENTENCE

Abstract

The article deals with new approaches to the study of the communicative perspective of a sentence using profiling or focusing operations.

Profiling some of the most communicatively significant blocks leads to the highlighting information included into the main clause – the trajectory, and dependent clauses, as mobile figures, are landmarks, moving up and down rendering  information about the trajector. Тrajector and landmark as elements of conceptualized event are placed in the speaker’s focus of attention, but they possess unequal focal prominence.

Focusing involves choosing the content that should be marked, as well as the organization of this content by placing its components in the foreground and background, which corresponds to the well-known in psychology the concepts of "background" and "figure or foreground". Trajector as a mobile element of the scene constitutes the primary focus. Landmark which serves as the point of reference for trajector is usually placed in the secondary focus. The trajector/landmark assymetry is fundamental to building a Compositiona path of a Complex sentence.

The result of focusing is the thema-rhematic division of information represented by units of discourse. In addition, focusing is tracked in unit values. Its distinctive feature is the formation of complex structures from simpler ones. In the language of the structures of lower levels, which are included in the structure of higher levels, collectively form a "symbolic assembly" , which may have varying degrees of complexity.

In general, it is the conceptual framework and profile that are important for understanding the communicative orientation of the Complex sentence itself. The conceptual framework is the entire amount of information contained in a sentence. The profile is the part of the database that, when highlighted, forms a new meaning of the whole syntactic unit.