THE FORMATION OF SHAKESPEAREISMS AND THEIR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS

Abstract

The article deals with the process of formation of the author's phraseological units of such a brilliant English writer and poet, actor of that time and the greatest playwright of all time - William Shakespeare. The main classifications of Shakespeare’s phraseological units are also given. It is known that the peculiarities of the Renaissance era, in which Shakespeare lived and worked, inspired him to create and use in his works actually invented by himself phraseological units, which later became known as "shakespeareisms". There are more than a hundred of them. It is emphasized that the period when Shakespeare lived is known by the rapid development of all fields of human activity. At this time, significant contributions in science and technology that play an important role for the development of our world were made.

Shakespeareisms are Shakespeare's set expressions that reflect author’s perception of the life and world, culture and history of that time, everyday life and relations of people of that era. In the process of formation, Shakespeare’s phraseological units or shakespeareisms could be changed, namely, other words could be added to the already existing phraseological units or the meaning of the phraseological units can be changed, but most of them remained in the English language in their original form and now occupy a separate sector for the research in phraseology. Brevity and accuracy in meaning are the main reasons why shakespeareisms became popular. Popularity of Shakespeare's works is the reason why shakespeareisms remain popular.  

The article also shows the classifications of Shakespeare's phraseological units made by researchers in the field of linguistics. Examples of the use of shakespeareisms in the writer's works and their translations by famous authors are given. Our translations are also added and their usage is analyzed.

The following methods were used for the research: the descriptive method was used to study the peculiarities of such a phenomenon in linguistics as phraseological unit; the method of continuous sampling from writer’s masterpieces was applied to identify the difficulty of translation of shakespeareisms.